[18], Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Shia Islamist leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, preached that Western imperialists or neoimperialists sought to make Muslims suffer, to "plunder" their resources and other wealth, and had to undermine Islam first because Islam stood in the way of this stealing and immiseration. Shias can choose from dozens of maraji, most of whom are based in holy cities in Iraq and Iran. Routes to recovery for these countries may take decades. Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan will also feel Russias pain due to currency and trade disruptions. Reporting and analysis from the Hill and the White House, A new poll of Iowa Republicans reinforces Trumps 2024 strength, Trump voters trust him more than they trust friends and family, score lower than average on political development. Interstate wars wars between nations are now rare, and civil wars are now largely concentrated in an arc from Central Africa to the Caucasus. JARANWALA, Pakistan . Khomeini tried to inspire further Islamic revival, preaching Muslim unity, but supported groups in Lebanon, Iraq, Afghanistan, Bahrain, and Pakistan that had specific Shia agendas. Yet an overlooked aspect of this war is the fact that Muslims of diverse national and ethnic backgrounds re playing a central role. At one funeral in the Kurchaloyevsky district of Chechnya, a Muslim cleric announced that the families of Abdulbek Taramov and Tamirlan Isaev would each receive 1 million rubles (about $6,400) and a cow. Many experts, however, point out that Shias arent monolithicfor many of them, identities and interests are based on more than their confession. Are Muslim countries more prone to violence? - SAGE Journals As noted, all civil wars in 2012 took place in Muslim countries, and they all involved Islamist insurgents. For the first time in history, the Western Hemisphere is at peace, an epochal milestone that has not attracted enough attention. Shias believe that God always provides a guide, first the Imams and then ayatollahs, or experienced Shia scholars who have wide interpretative authority and are sought as a source of emulation. Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, where remittances make up roughly 30 percent of GDP, are the most vulnerable. Iraqs foremost Shia religious authority, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, has been a voice for sectarian restraint in Iraq, and the countrys Shia community absorbed thousands of deaths before fighting back with their own militias. The reason isn't just that the front-line combat is a slow-moving . These deaths could have significant geopolitical implications. So far in the war, Mr. Kristersson said, Sweden has given 2.2 billion euros, or about $2.4 billion, in aid to Ukraine, including the CV90s, Leopard tanks, Archer artillery systems and mine . Why Does Some of the Arab Public Support Putin's War in Ukraine This is because the fast money that comes from oil is hard to manage and can easily distort the economy and destabilize society. Muslims are mainly fighting one another, not the West. But what were seeing is mainly a series of serious conflicts within the Islamic region, although they have ripple effects in other countries. The reasons given for persistent violent conflict among Muslims include border disputes, the Middle East's strategic importance between East and West, and oil - the latter two sometimes inviting major powers to get involved for good or ill. [12], Jonathan Schanzer has argued that the historical Muslim indifference to the West turned to "alarmed dislike" with the beginning of Western military superiority in the 17th century. For example, the Middle East lags every region in the world except Africa when it comes to access to the Internet and connection speeds. Mohammed unveiled a new faith to the people of Mecca in 610. Iraqi Shias, for example, made up the bulk of the Iraqi army that fought Iran during the Iran-Iraq War, and Shia militant groups Amal and Hezbollah clashed at times during the Lebanese civil war. Ida Rudolfsen is a PhD student at Uppsala University and a research associate at PRIO. Saudi Arabia backed Iraq in the 19801988 war with Iran and sponsored militants in Pakistan and Afghanistan who were primarily fighting against the Soviet Union, which had invaded Afghanistan in 1979, but were also suppressing Shia movements inspired or backed by Iran. This demands the question, if the world is entering a new era of peace, why are Islamic nations still racked by war? On the front lines, Russian Muslims find themselves pitted against fellow Muslims defending Ukraine. The spread of Islam through merchants, missionaries, and pilgrims was very different in nature. Some Western political leaders have dismissed the claims of a war being fought against Islam as untrue, while also being sensitive to Muslim fears of such a "war" and shaping some of their political statements and actions with Muslim fears in mindincluding denouncing those who verbally attack Muslims. (Thats the last year for which the Uppsala Conflict Data Program has data.). Bosnian War, ethnically rooted war (1992-95) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a former republic of Yugoslavia with a multiethnic population comprising Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), Serbs, and Croats. And, as the writer Steven Pinker has pointed out, around the world, the large majority of intentional killings are at the individual level, and the homicide rates in Islamic countries are typically only a third that of the non-Muslim world. Smaller armed conflicts occur in 30-odd countries more widely spread over the globe. Saudi Arabia has a sizable Shia minority of roughly 10 percent, and millions of adherents of a puritanical brand of Sunni Islam known as Wahhabism (an offshoot of the Sunni Hanbali school) that is antagonistic to Shia Islam. Reflecting their single-minded obsession with demonizing Muslims (at exactly the same time, coincidentally, their governments wage a never-ending war on Muslim countries and their societies . Forced to flee: Top countries refugees are coming from The end of war in the Americas is part of a larger global trend. Want to help the Islamic State recruit? Squeezed by corrupt and oppressive rule, the region has been fertile ground for clashes among competing Islamic movements; as many as 7,000 locals may have left since 2013 to join the Islamic State seeking social justice and religious purity. [22] The agents of imperialism are busy in every corner of the Islamic world drawing our youth away from us with their evil propaganda. The transformation of Iran into an overtly Shia power after the Islamic revolution induced Saudi Arabia to accelerate the propagation of Wahhabism, as both countries revived a centuries-old sectarian rivalry over the true interpretation of Islam. Although armed violence has been declining overall since the end of the Cold War, violence has spiked since 2011 particularly in Muslim countries. It established its own transnational movement known as theIslamic State in Iraq and Syria. Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014-present) Iraqi conflict (2003-present) Iraq War. Islam and war - Wikipedia There are divisions even over the precepts of Islam, but the main difference relates to authority, which sparked the political split in the seventh century and evolved into divergent interpretations of sharia, or Islamic law, and distinct sectarian identities. Another global trend that is bypassing Muslim nations is social and economic development. see: Wright, Lawrence. Europe shows it still cant handle an influx of migrants. 129 arrests after Muslim mob attacks Christians in Pakistan - Los Several studies have shown that, after correcting for these factors, Muslim countries are no more violent than others. Mosques were burned or destroyed and death threats and harassment followed many Muslims in the weeks following the attacks, according to congressional testimony from the Southern Poverty Law Center in 2011. .zip Read the article here (Open Access) In recent years, most armed conflicts have taken place in Muslim countries. Peace is breaking out everywhere. Graphic Designer: Julia Ro. [49] Alleged conspiracies against Islam sometimes involve other Muslims who are accused of being apostates. Sunni-Shia tensions contribute to multiple flash points in Muslim countries that are viewed as growing threats to international peace and security. How fringe attacks on American Muslims became mainstream. August 15, 2023 Islam in Europe - Wikipedia Early Muslim conquests - Wikipedia Why are we seeing so much violence among Muslims? Muslim nations publish scientific papers far less frequently per capita than most other regions of the world. It also threatens to reopen the wounds of Russias wars of the 1990s in the Caucasus, while placing immense pressure on Central Asians in Russia and throughout the region. [61], The Universities of Georgia and Alabama in the United States conducted a study comparing media coverage of "terrorist attacks" committed by Islamist militants with those of non-Muslims in the United States. "[57] "This is the greater and more serious tragedy (than bombing Muslim villagers), and reckoning for it will be more severe." Perspective | Muslims are fighting on both sides in Ukraine Spread of Islam - Wikipedia Other parts of the country are contested or controlled by various rebel and Islamist groups, including the Islamic State, which seeks to dominate the eastern regions of Syria that link to its territory in Iraq. "[50], In 2016, the US National Security Adviser said: "We are facing another ism, just like we faced Nazism, and fascism, and imperialism and communism. [60] After the killing of ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, a Jordanian commentator writing for the Jordanian newspaper, Al-Dustour, claimed that Al-Baghdadi had been an Israeli agent, who had been trained by the Israeli foreign intelligence service, the Mossad, for a mission to tarnish the image of Islam. Its been widely noted that democratic nations rarely go to war with each other. But all religions include elements of violence as well as peace. The regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, which has ruled since 1970, relies on Alawis, a heterodox Shia sect that makes up about 13 percent of Syrias population, as a pillar of its power. And citizens of Islamic states (as defined as members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation) are permitted visa-free travel by fewer nations than any other region including Africa. Bookstores are dominated by works with religious themes The demand for sharia, the belief that their governments are unfaithful to Islam and that Islam is the answer to all problems, and the certainty that the West has declared war on Islam; these are the themes that dominate public discussion. Some speculate that the figure of 300 years may come from the date of farthest advance of Muslim armies. It is a battle within the Muslim world. What varies over time is how prominent people both religious and political emphasize different parts of the message. Ankara By Fatih Hafiz Mehmet and Ali Abo Rezeg ANKARA The Turkish presidential spokesman said Friday that 60 percent of conflicts globally are occurring in Muslim nations. Just days before, on Feb. 27, an Islamic scholar based in the Chechen capital of Grozny, Salakh Mezhiev, had declared the Russian invasion a jihad. Chechen soldiers, he explained, were fighting for the Koran, for God and to save both Russia and Islam from filth spread by NATO. with Antony J. Blinken The Great Divide: How Westerners and Muslims View Each Other Are Muslim countries more violent? - The Washington Post Peace is breaking out everywhere. But the volume is increasing. In each, political power is held by a sectarian minorityAlawis in Syria and a Sunni ruling family in Bahrainwhere Shias are the majority. published in Islamic magazine from Australia. "[46] Enver Masud, an Indian Muslim and author of the book The War on Islam stated that while there are no Muslims in high-level policy making and media jobs in the United States, "Jewish Americans occupy nearly every single position relating to US Arab-Israeli policy. While the contemporary narrative of the "War against Islam" mostly covers general issues of societal transformations in modernization and secularization as well as general issues of international power politics among modern states, the crusades are often narrated as its alleged starting point.
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